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，超声波振动频率。超声波清洗中，空化作用是重要的环节，声波振动频率对其有着很大的影响，应当注重振动频率的选择区间，一般来说，超声波清洗振动频率控制在20～80办贬锄。空化阈值对于超声波频率有着一定影响，频率与空化阈值呈正比。超声波的频率低，液体越容易发生空化，产生力度比较大，作业也比较强，通常在较难清洗的污垢中应用。
First, ultrasonic vibration frequency. Cavitation is an important link in ultrasonic cleaning, and the vibration frequency of acoustic wave has a great influence on it. Attention should be paid to the selection range of vibration frequency. Generally speaking, the vibration frequency of ultrasonic cleaning should be controlled within 20~80kHz. The cavitation threshold has a certain influence on the ultrasonic frequency, and the frequency is proportional to the cavitation threshold. The lower the frequency of ultrasonic wave, the easier the liquid is to cavitate, the stronger the force is, and the stronger the operation is, so it is usually used in the dirt that is difficult to clean.
功率高则超声波方向性强，波长相对较短，一般在表面光洁度高的部件清洗中使用，对深孔、缝隙等惊喜工件进行清洗。同时，频率不能够过高，使得波长不断变短，反而弱化空化作用，使得清洗效率降低。如果在清洗槽中具有一定的驻波场，因为声压的不均衡分析，使得工件得不到有效的清洗。因此，清洗槽的形状应当适合混响场特点，借助双频、多频等方式，避免出现清洗盲区。
If the power is high, the direction of ultrasonic wave is strong, and the wavelength is relatively short. Generally, it is used in the cleaning of parts with high surface finish to clean surprise workpieces such as deep holes and gaps. At the same time, the frequency cannot be too high, which makes the wavelength continuously shorter, on the contrary, it weakens the cavitation effect and reduces the cleaning efficiency. If there is a certain standing wave field in the cleaning tank, the workpiece can not be effectively cleaned because of the uneven analysis of sound pressure. Therefore, the shape of the cleaning tank should be suitable for the characteristics of the reverberation field. With the help of dual frequency, multi frequency and other methods, the blind area of cleaning should be avoided.
第二，超声波功率密度。为了能够提高超声波清洗效率，一般采用密度较高的超声波功率，尤其是油污严重、形状复杂并且具有深孔的工件，借助高功率密度再生的清洗槽中清洗。同时，避免功率密度过高一面给工件带来侵蚀，特别是带有镀层、表面光洁度高以及铝合金等工件。超声波功率如果过大，液体中的声波过高，产生的气泡比较多，难以辐射整个缸体，影响到清洗效果。
Second, ultrasonic power density. In order to improve the efficiency of ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic power with high density is generally used, especially for workpieces with serious oil contamination, complex shape and deep holes, which are cleaned in a cleaning tank regenerated with high power density. At the same time, avoid the erosion of workpieces caused by high power density, especially workpieces with coating, high surface finish and aluminum alloy. If the ultrasonic power is too large, the sound wave in the liquid is too high, and more bubbles are generated, which is difficult to radiate the entire cylinder block, affecting the cleaning effect.

第叁，清洗液温度。在工件清洗中，需要对工件表面的污染物黏附性进行破坏，通过热能可以克服黏附力，提高温度强化清洗介质活性，降低介质的表面张力，增强清洗效率。虽然温度可以降低黏附力，提高清洗效果，但并非温度越高越好，结合清洗液介质的不同性质，佳效果和空化作用对温度有着一定的限制，如水基清洗液的佳温度在35词60℃。
Third, the temperature of cleaning solution. In workpiece cleaning, it is necessary to destroy the adhesion of pollutants on the workpiece surface. Through heat energy, the adhesion can be overcome, the temperature can be increased, the activity of cleaning medium can be strengthened, the surface tension of the medium can be reduced, and the cleaning efficiency can be enhanced. Although the temperature can reduce the adhesion and improve the cleaning effect, it is not the higher the temperature, the better. Combined with the different properties of the cleaning fluid medium, the better the effect and cavitation have certain restrictions on the temperature. For example, the best temperature of water-based cleaning fluid is 35~60 ℃.
另外，温度还可以影响介质的蒸汽压、表面张力、黏度以及密度等，如果温度达到沸点则会使得空化效应失效。
In addition, temperature can also affect the vapor pressure, surface tension, viscosity and density of the medium. If the temperature reaches the boiling point, the cavitation effect will become invalid.
第四，清洗液选择。放射性滤芯的清洗通常使用酸、碱等作为清洗剂，其成本相对可控，效果明显。根据滤芯的材质不同，所处的工艺环境不同，其表面黏附的放射性物质成分也有所差异。通过针对性的选择合适的清洗剂，是能够保证清洗效率的主要因素之一。第五，超声波清洗时间。超声波清洗的还见对清洗效果和质量有着直接影响，时间较短则达不到清洗要求，如果清洗时间过长则影响清洗效率，甚对工件表面造成空化腐蚀。一般来说，对于一些表面烧结物料比较严重的工件进行清洗时，可以适当增加清洗时间，对于表面较为光洁、烧结物料较轻的工件，需要控制好清洗时间。
Fourth, cleaning solution selection. The cleaning of radioactive filter element usually uses acid, alkali, etc. as the cleaning agent, whose cost is relatively controllable and the effect is obvious. Depending on the material of filter element and the process environment, the components of radioactive substances adhered to its surface are different. It is one of the main factors to ensure the cleaning efficiency through the targeted selection of appropriate cleaning agents. Fifth, ultrasonic cleaning time. Ultrasonic cleaning also has a direct impact on the cleaning effect and quality. If the cleaning time is short, the cleaning requirements cannot be met. If the cleaning time is too long, the cleaning efficiency will be affected, and even cavitation corrosion will be caused on the workpiece surface. Generally speaking, when cleaning some workpieces with serious surface sintering materials, the cleaning time can be appropriately increased. For workpieces with smooth surface and light sintering materials, the cleaning time needs to be well controlled.
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